Recognising the overrepresentation of ethnic minority groups —particularly Chinese, Bangladeshi, and West African communities— among new Hepatitis B cases, our project seeks to empower affected individuals by creating tailored materials and resources for both patients and healthcare professionals.
Through focus groups and community engagement activities, we will gather valuable insights from those living with Hepatitis B, enhancing their experience along the pathway from diagnosis to care. Additionally, we will focus on asylum seekers and refugees from high-prevalence regions to improve early diagnosis and treatment.
Collaborating with North Manchester General Hospital, part of MFT, this initiative aims to significantly improve Hepatitis B care and support across the region.
This work is kindly funded by Gilead Life Sciences.
Read our ‘Living Well with Hepatitis B’ guide and Hep B Report here: https://thebha.in-beta6.co.uk/resources/living-well-with-hepatitis-b-guide/
Leading on this project is Bothwell Chikomba.
You can learn more about him here, or contact him via pash@thebha.in-beta6.co.uk
Introduction to Hepatitis B
Hepatitis B (often referred to as Hep B) is a viral infection that affects the liver. It is one of the most common forms of hepatitis worldwide, with millions of people affected. While many individuals recover fully from the infection, some may develop chronic (long-term) hepatitis B, which can lead to serious health issues, including liver damage, cirrhosis, and liver cancer. Early diagnosis and appropriate care are crucial for managing the disease effectively.
Causes
Hepatitis B is caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV), which is a bloodborne virus. It can be transmitted through various means, including sexual contact, sharing of needles or other injecting equipment, and from mother to child during childbirth.
Different Types of Hepatitis
There are several types of hepatitis, but the most common ones include:
Hepatitis A: Usually spread through contaminated food and water.
Hepatitis B: Spread primarily through blood and bodily fluids.
Hepatitis C: Mostly transmitted through blood.
Hepatitis D: Only occurs in those infected with Hepatitis B.
Hepatitis E: Typically spread through contaminated water.
Symptoms
Many people with hepatitis B do not show symptoms, especially in the early stages. When symptoms do occur, they may include:
- Fatigue
- Jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes)
- Dark urine
- Abdominal pain
- Nausea and vomiting
- Loss of appetite
- Muscle or joint pain
How it is Transmitted
Hepatitis B is transmitted through:
- Sexual contact with an infected person
- Sharing needles or syringes
- Contact with open sores or cuts of an infected person
- From mother to child during childbirth
- Sharing personal items like razors or toothbrushes that may have blood on them
Prevention & How to Test
Preventing hepatitis B primarily involves vaccination, which is highly effective. Other preventive measures include practicing safe sex and avoiding sharing needles. Testing for hepatitis B typically involves blood tests that check for the presence of the virus and assess liver function.
Treatment
While there is no specific cure for hepatitis B, chronic infections can be managed with antiviral medications that help control the virus and prevent liver damage. Regular monitoring and follow-up care are essential to manage the disease effectively.
Living with Hepatitis B
Living with hepatitis B may require lifestyle adjustments, including regular medical check-ups and maintaining a healthy lifestyle to support liver health. People with hepatitis B should avoid alcohol and certain medications that can strain the liver. It’s also important to educate family and close contacts about the virus to reduce stigma and promote understanding.
Prevalence and Who is Most Vulnerable
Hepatitis B is a global health concern, with millions affected worldwide. Certain populations are at higher risk, including:
- Individuals who engage in unprotected sex
- People who share needles or injecting equipment
- Infants born to mothers with hepatitis B
- Individuals from regions where hepatitis B is more common
- Underserved communities facing social and economic inequalities
In England, the prevalence of hepatitis B is estimated to be higher in urban areas, particularly London, where the rate can reach up to 1.5%.